【债权转移损益的非经常性损益认定问题】:其他应收款终止确认产生的收益是否应计入非经常性损益?

        案例:A上市公司持有B公司51%股权,次年,A公司决定购买自然人甲持有的B公司49%股权。A公司将过往业务形成的其他应收款(与自然人甲无关)及部分现金与自然人甲互换B公司股权。A公司认为在与自然人甲完成股权工商过户以及债权转移后,上述其他应收款实现回收,以前计提的坏账准备应转回,计入当期损益。同时,A公司认为自然人甲并不是债务人或债务人的关联方,上述股权购买不属于债务重组,且以前年度计提的其他应收款坏账准备是按照账龄组合计提的,因此该债权转移损益不属于债务重组损益、单独进行减值测试的应收款项减值准备转回等非经常性损益项目。另外,A公司为加快资金周转和使用效益,经常开展应收账款保理业务,因此认定本次金融资产转移属于公司经常性业务,其账面价值与转移对价的差额形成的损益应当属于经常性损益。A公司将债权转移损益计入经常性损益的处理是否正确?

        分析:根据《企业会计准则第12号——债务重组》,债务重组是指在不改变交易对手方的情况下,经债权人和债务人协定或法院裁定,就清偿债务的时间、金额或方式等重新达成协议的交易。本例中,A公司使用债权及部分现金与自然人甲持有的B公司股权进行置换,穿透来看实际为“债权换股权”,该交易导致债权债务的交易对手发生了改变,所以该交易并不属于债务重组。本例中的债权转移属于金融资产的终止确认,产生的相关损益应当作为投资收益。本次交易产生的损益是否属于非经常性损益,应当结合非经常性损益的定义,从交易性质、发生频率以及对报表使用者判断的影响等方面进行综合判断,不能简单地将《公开发行证券的公司信息披露解释性公告第1号——非经常性损益》的列举事项作为非经常性损益列报,并直接将未列举事项作为经常性损益列报。本案例中,公司通过“债权换股权”方式收回应收款项属于偶发事项,性质特殊,将该损益列报为经常性损益不利于投资者理解公司的真实经营状况。因此,应当将此项投资收益作为非经常性损益列报。此外,本次交易属于“债权换股权”,与应收账款保理业务明显不同,公司以此为由将相关损益计入经常性损益的理由不成立。

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